Gothic Style and Queen Anne Federation style

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• See also Federation Queen Anne style
• See also Sydney Gothic Queen Anne
• See also Melbourne Queen Anne
• See also Queen Anne or Federation Queen Anne?

What is Gothic?

“Essentially, it is a literature of nightmare. Gothic writing is preoccupied with the hidden or monstrous side—particularly as it relates to human nature. And it uses a catalogue of recurring conventions, motifs, and themes to make its point: vampires, monsters, demonic monks—wander around dilapidated mansions, through dark dungeons or across windswept cliffs. “^[1]

At the beginning of the Victorian era, Gothic forms of architecture were coming strongly into fashion again.

• British critic A. W. N. Pugin‘s fiery and controversial writings endowed the Gothic Revival with a strong purpose: to re-establish what were felt to be the true Christian piety and values of those far-off days.
• With all the zeal of a recent convert to Roman Catholicism, and driven by his own strong impulses, Pugin took on the entire architectural establishment of his time, proposing a wholesale return to the medieval approach to architecture.
  

  Government House NSW

• Government House was the most sophisticated example of Gothic Revival architecture in the First Fleet colony.

St. Paul’s and St. Patrick’s Cathedrals in Melbourneare excellent examples of the Gothic Revival Period, often referred to as Victorian Gothic.

Gothic characteristics:

• steeply pitched roofs often made of slate,
• narrow doors and windows resolving in a Gothic pointed arch at their height (known as lancet windows),
• diamond pane glazing to windows imitating a stained glass affect,
• and intricate parapets, often of a religious nature, with a cross.
• In non-terrace houses, the drawing room was often pulled forward, adding a bay window to the front of the dwelling.^[2]

Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin English architect, designer, artist and critic, chiefly remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style	St Patrick’s Cathedral, Melbourne	St Paul’s Anglican Cathedral, Melbourne

Gothic Influences:

• medieval ecclesiastical architecture – churches and cathedrals
• illustrated medieval manuscripts
• arts and crafts movement – return to medieval style and practices
• AWN Pugin – leader of Gothic revival, he designed interiors and the exterior detailing of the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben’s clock tower (the Houses themselves were designed by Sir Charles Barry)

Homerton House – South Yarra by Dean-Melbourne	Illawarra – Toorak by Dean-Melbourne
This beautiful Edwardian era, Queen Anne styled mansion, originally known as Homerton House, is located in the elite Melbourne suburb of South Yarra. Built in 1906, the red brick building features a prominent slate roofed tower with iron finial.	Illawarra is a beautiful and detailed Queen Anne styled mansion situated in Melbourne’s most elite suburb of Toorak. Built in 1889, the building was presented to the National Trust in 1966 and currently still owns the property.

	Classic Gothic Style
	Façade of Reims Cathedral, France	The interior of the western end of Reims Cathedral

Gothic Malbork Castle (formerly Mareinburg), Poland, begun before 1280

American Victorian Gothic house

American Queen Anne with Gothic features

Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings.
Tthe Gothic style was expressed most powerfully in the great churches, cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings, its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions, whether springing from faith or from civic pride.

• From Wikipedia on Gothic Revival Archictecture:
  “The Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or Neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. Its popularity grew rapidly in the early 19th century, when increasingly serious and learned admirers of neo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval Gothic architecture, in contrast to the neoclassical styles prevalent at the time.”
• By the late 1800s, the fanciful details of Gothic Revival architecture had waned in popularity. Gothic Revival ideas did not die out, but they they were most frequently reserved for churches and large public buildings.
• Queen Anne became an architectural fashion in the 1880s and 1890s, when the industrial revolution was building up steam. Home builders were caught up in the excitement of new technologies which allowed cheap factory-made, pre-cut architectural parts, especially bricks and tiles. – Queen Anne Architecture in the U

Rheinstein Castle, Germany showing fortress towers and castellation of the walls

Basilica of the Assumption of Mary, Krakow, Poland showing finials above towers

The Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy showing castellation of roof line

Gothic influences on Queen Anne decoration:

Gothic Towers Castle in Prague	Albert Park Architecture by Dean-Melbourne TV Star: Architect John Horbury Hunt designed Camelot at Camden in the late 1880’s
Castellation of roofs Castellation- Battlements used for a decorative purpose.	Clovelly House, 1 Drummoyne Avenue, Drummoyne
Castle building: balcony and castellation	Ridge castellation at 25 Drummoyne Avenue, DRUMMOYNE NSW
Circular Windows Chartres Cathedral Rose Window (above) Symbolism- the north rose of Notre Dame, Paris	‘Bullseye’ leadlight window at 23 Drummoyne Avenue, Drummoyne
Coloured Glass paned window sets
Inside the Chartres Cathedral, France	Small coloured glass panels in the upper window transoms are typical Federation features
Leadlight glass
	Haberfield leadlight door and windows
(Left)The windows of the choir of Cologne Cathedral, (early 14th century) (Right) Crucifixion with Ss Catherine, George and Margaret, Leechkirche, Graz, Austria
Pair Of Backlit Gothic Stained Glass windows	Coloured glass sash windows Coloured Patterned Glass Verandah window
Gargolyes and Roof Ornaments
gargoyles atop The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Covington, KY. Twenty-six gargoyles to be exact, all carved in Italy	Ramshorn finial
Gargoyle in form of a lion Cathedral Saint-Etienne de Meaux	Ramshorn finial over left gable and on hipped ridge
Verandah valences
	Charlton, near Byron Bay, showing verandah frieze and gable decoration
Ancient Gothic Church Parapet	A Queenslander style house in New Farm..

Neo-Gothic buildings have many of these features:

West front of Notre Dame Cathedral, Reims, France

• Strong vertical lines and a sense of great height
• Pointed windows with decorative tracery
• Gargoyles and other carvings
• Pinnacles

In the industrial revolution of the 19th Century, Gothic ornamentation jumped from requiring expensive hand-made detailing to much cheaper mass-produced effects. Religious influence allowed homes to mirror larger Gothic churches, family homes becoming an ideal of the family Gothic castle.

USA Romanesque Revival Architecture with arched doors and tower arcades

Probable Gothic influences on the mass-produced Queen Anne style are:

• conical towers (replacing steeples)
• front-facing gables
• ridge ornaments replacing castellation
• finials on apex of roofs and towers
• Ridge apex ornament substitutes for gargoyle
• leadlight glass windows (replacing intricate stained glass) and
• the sets of small coloured panes of glass above feature windows (as coloured highlighting)
• bullseye window replacing the grand rose window
• ornate gable ornament (instead of ornamented galleries or frilly barge boards)
• gable ventilators (compare the top gable inserts in both US pictures at upper RHS)
• bulky buttresses (to support side chimneys)
• verandah valances and friezes as attractive pseudo-gothic ornamentation
• arched window brickwork or arched entrance corridor

Haberfield Gothic

In 1901, Haberfield developer Richard Stanton, advertised some available house designs as being of ‘domestic Gothic’ style, which historian Vincent Crow describes as having a ‘characteristic cone’, usually on a verandah roof. ^[3] These are also called ‘turrets’ and are usually round or pyramid-shaped towers. The tall narrow towers are amusingly known as ‘candle-snuffers’.^[4]

8 Rogers Avenue	12 Deakin Avenue	14 Kingston Street	19 Stanton Road	19 Stanton Road
20 Stanton Road	20 Dudley Street	42 Kingston Street	78 Kingston Road	37 Dudley Street

Examples listed by Vincent Crow therein are:

• 8 Rogers Avenue, Haberfield
• 11 Dickson Street, Haberfield
• 11 Forest Street, Haberfield
• 14 Kingston Street, Haberfield
• 118 Dalhousie Street, Haberfield
• 19 Stanton Road, Haberfield (classified by the National Trust)
• 20 Dudley Street, Haberfield
• 21 Turner Avenue, Haberfield
• 30 Kingston Street, Haberfield
• 37 Dudley Street, Haberfield (classified by the National Trust)

Burwood Gothic

Belvedere at ‘Verona’ 2A Appian Way Burwood	‘Alba Longa’ 4 Appian Way	‘Vallambrosa’ 19 Appian Way	Capri, 23 Appian Way
‘Colonna’ Burwood Appian Way	306 Burwood Road	‘Olmora’ 308 Burwood Rd Burwood	Belvedere at 74 Liverpool Road Burwood

Examples from the Appian Estate Area are:

• ‘Verona’ 2A Appian Way
• ‘Alba Longa’ 4 Appian Way
• ‘Vallambrosa’ 19 Appian Way
• ‘Capri’ 23 Appian Way
• ‘Colonna’ 304 Burwood Road
• ‘Talopa’ 306 Burwood Rd
• ‘Olmora’ 308 Burwood Rd
• 74 Liverpool Road Burwood

Other Sydney Examples of Gothic Queen Anne:

78 Liverpool Road Burwood Heights

‘Alister Brae’ – c1904 Pymble NSW

Carr Street Coogee

• Leadlight and coloured ‘lights’

  42 Kingston Street, Haberfield, showing both leadlight glass windows and coloured glass fanlights above, finial on pyramidal tower roof

• Ridge Ornaments and Finials at the apex

  8 Rogers Avenue Haberfield, showing ridge ornaments and finials

  Dudley Street Coogee showing finial and ridge decorations, arcades under gablets and decorated turret

• Door and Window Arches
  

  Arched windows and brick arched doorway at Verona, 2 Appian Way, Burwood

Alister Brae: Grand arched entrance hall showcasing spectacular stained glass

• Interior window arch at 37 Dudley Street, Haberfield

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1. ^ Turcotte, G. (2009). The kangaroo gargoyles: Footnotes to an Australian gothic script.
   http://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=arts_chapters
2. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_residential_architectural_styles#Free_Gothic
3. ^ ‘Haberfield – The Development of its Character, by Vincent Crow, 1978, page 8
4. ^ ‘A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture’, Appperly et al, page 134